Hi, friend. I need help! I have heard about the term “causal approach” in an introduction of the program evaluation. But it has confused me for a long time. Could anyone kindly give me more information about it?

It’s my pleasure!

Wow, amazing! Thanks a lot!

The causal designs derive the estimate of the counterfactual situation either from a group of comparable subjects (control group) or from the same subjects at one or more previous time periods. Among the designs based on the use of control groups, the true experimental designs are those that provide the best real-world approximation to the ideal experimental design.