What are the characteristics of adolescents from a psychoanalytic perspective?

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From a psychoanalytic perspective, adolescence (as experienced in the West) has been likened to the early stages of pregnancy, a ‘deeply primitive state’ where the young person can neither be controlled by others nor entirely be ‘in control’ themselves. This psychoanalytic perspective on adolescence acknowledges that, as part of an acceleration of intellectual growth, great changes in brain development take place, which renders egocentricity characteristic of adolescent behaviour. This intellectual growth prioritises abstract thinking, which becomes the dominant modus operandi, while a comparable reduction in the capacity to be self-reflective and develop moral awareness takes place.