Hello. Following my previous question, I wonder if there is a “bottom-up” approach to calculate the costs of crime, will there be a “top-down” approach?

My pleasure.

Thank you very much for the explanation.

You are so smart! Yes, another strategy to estimate the costs of crime utilizes a willingness to pay a “top-down” approach, which incorporates other elements such as fear of crime, constrained behaviors, and residual community costs. Cohen et al. (2010) present both top-down and bottom-up estimates for comparison purposes noting that the top-down approach is appropriate for estimating external or social costs whereas the bottom-up approach is more appropriate for estimating system costs. They found that preventing individuals from high-rate chronic offending would save more than $200 million (WTP costs) or more than $100 million (“bottom-up” costs) in costs imposed by their criminal behavior.

You may find more information with the below reference:
Cohen, M. A., Piquero, A. R., & Jennings, W. G. (2010). Studying the costs of crime across offender trajectories. Criminology & Public Policy, 9(2), 279-305.