What is the definition of sexism? How to measure it?

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Sexism is prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination based on sex or gender, often manifesting as the belief that one sex is superior to another. It can be conscious or unconscious and affects women and girls most severely. Sexism operates at both individual and institutional levels, perpetuating gender inequality.

Measuring sexism involves assessing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through surveys, interviews, and observations. Psychologists have developed scales like the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory to quantify hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes. Sociologists examine sexism's manifestations in social institutions. Ultimately, reducing sexism requires challenging stereotypes, promoting equal rights and opportunities, and fostering a culture of respect for all genders.