What is the relationship between neuroticism in adolescence and cognitive function in midlife?

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Research indicates a significant relationship between neuroticism in adolescence and cognitive function in midlife. Higher levels of neuroticism at age 13 are associated with poorer cognitive performance in midlife, particularly in verbal ability, fluency, and memory. However, this association may diminish when accounting for earlier cognitive abilities and educational attainment. Chronic stress linked to neuroticism could negatively impact brain health, potentially leading to cognitive decline. Additionally, individuals exhibiting both high neuroticism and low extraversion may face increased cognitive impairment risks, suggesting that emotional distress plays a crucial role in this relationship.