What are the components of successful aging?

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Several biopsychosocial components of successful aging have been identified across cohorts of older adults. However, the way successful aging is operationalized in these studies differs greatly, which impacts the variables that researchers choose to investigate. In the literature regarding successful aging, disability and/or physical functioning (commonly measured by self-reported activities of daily living) is the most frequently discussed component. To complement the data regarding biological components, researchers have examined psychological, social, and environmental variables that may relate to successful aging. These include well-being and life satisfaction, social engagement, personal resources (e.g., level of independence), and extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental and financial resources). For instance, ratings of life satisfaction and well-being, as well as social and productive functioning, are commonly measured components of successful aging.