What are the benefits of using several indicators as outcomes for program evaluation?

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Using multiple indicators as outcomes for program evaluation offers several benefits. Here are some of them:
1. Diverse perspectives: Different indicators may reflect the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in the program. For example, outcomes could be assessed from the viewpoint of program participants, staff members, beneficiaries, or external evaluators. By incorporating multiple perspectives, you gain a more holistic understanding of the program's impact and can consider the diverse experiences and perceptions of those involved.
2. Reducing measurement bias: Relying on a single indicator may introduce measurement bias or limitations inherent to that specific measure. By using multiple indicators, you can mitigate the impact of measurement errors or biases associated with any single measure. The convergence or divergence of results across different indicators provides a more robust and reliable evaluation.
3. Sensitivity to context: Different indicators may be more sensitive to specific contextual factors or variations in program implementation. By using multiple indicators, you can assess how the program's outcomes vary across different contexts or subgroups. This information is valuable for understanding the program's effectiveness in different settings and tailoring future interventions accordingly.
4. Enhanced accountability and transparency: Employing multiple indicators strengthens the accountability and transparency of program evaluation. By using a range of measures, you can demonstrate the program's impact from multiple angles, providing a more robust evidence base for decision-making and reporting. This approach enhances the credibility and legitimacy of the evaluation process.