What are the limitations of the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design?

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The Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, despite its strengths, has some limitations:
1. Time and resources: Implementing the design requires sufficient time, resources, and the ability to recruit and assign participants to different groups. It may be more complex and resource-intensive compared to other study designs, particularly when dealing with large sample sizes.
2. Sensitization effects: Participants in the control group may become aware of their non-receipt of the intervention, leading to potential sensitization effects. This awareness can influence their behavior or responses, potentially impacting the validity of the results.
3. Ethical considerations: Ethical concerns may arise when participants in the control group are denied access to a potentially beneficial intervention. Researchers must consider the ethical implications and ensure that the benefits outweigh any potential harm to participants.
4. Participant attrition: There is a risk of participant attrition or dropout during the study, which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Unequal attrition rates between the treatment and control groups can further complicate the interpretation of the findings.
5. Demand characteristics: Participants may alter their behavior or responses due to demand characteristics, such as attempting to please the researcher or conforming to perceived expectations. This can influence the outcomes and compromise the internal validity of the study.