What types of work disabilities are there?

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Thanks for your detailed answer.

There are two concepts related to persons in working life age that express the health- or impairment-related restrictions:
(a) Short-term or temporal work disability (work incapacity), in general labelled as “sickness absence”.
(b) Permanent work disability (permanent work incapacity), be it partially or fully, be IT combined with (part time) employment or with dependency on benefits (e.g. disability benefit/pension)