How to measure the life-course trajectories of different types of offenders?

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To measure the life-course trajectories of different types of offenders, researchers often employ group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) and growth curve modeling (GCM). These methods allow for the identification of distinct offending trajectories over time, such as life-course persistent, adolescence-limited, and desisting groups.

Key steps include:

Collecting longitudinal data on offending from adolescence to adulthood.

Estimating trajectory groups using GBTM and GCM to identify distinct offending patterns.

Comparing trajectories across groups to assess differences in persistence and resistance.

Examining early life risk factors, like conduct problems and out-of-home placements, that predict trajectory group membership.