What is the definition of dehumanization? How to measure it?

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Dehumanization is the process of denying the full humanity of others, often by perceiving and treating them as less than human. This can involve viewing individuals as lacking essential human qualities, such as empathy or individuality, and is frequently associated with justifying violence and discrimination against marginalized groups.

To measure dehumanization, researchers often use self-report questionnaires that assess attitudes and perceptions towards specific groups, as well as experimental tasks that evaluate responses to dehumanizing language or imagery. Additionally, observational studies can analyze behaviors in contexts where dehumanization is likely to occur, such as during conflicts or in institutional settings.