What is the definition of mortality? How to measure it?

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Mortality is defined as the state or condition of being subject to death, often quantified in terms of the number of deaths within a specific population over a given period. It encompasses both the concept of mortality as a natural aspect of life and the statistical measurement of death rates.

To measure mortality, researchers typically use mortality rates, which are calculated by dividing the number of deaths in a population by the total population size, often expressed per 1,000 or 100,000 individuals. Life tables and survival analysis are also employed to provide insights into mortality patterns and life expectancy within populations.