What is the meaning of the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis?

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In statistics, the null hypothesis (H0) and alternative hypothesis (H1 or Ha) are two competing statements that are formulated to test a specific research question or hypothesis. Here's the meaning of each:
Null Hypothesis (H0): The null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no significant relationship, difference, or effect between variables or groups being studied. It represents the status quo or the absence of an effect. Researchers aim to statistically reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on the evidence from their data analysis.
Example: In a study comparing two teaching methods, the null hypothesis could be that there is no difference in student performance between Method A and Method B.
Alternative Hypothesis (H1 or Ha): The alternative hypothesis is a statement that contradicts or opposes the null hypothesis. It suggests that there is a significant relationship, difference, or effect between variables or groups being studied. It represents the researcher's hypothesis or the effect they expect to find.
Example: In the same study comparing teaching methods, the alternative hypothesis could be that there is a significant difference in student performance between Method A and Method B, indicating that one method is more effective than the other.